I looked up the growth charts from the WHO which show how kids (boys in the figure below) grow from birth to 19 years of age. The curves are nice and smooth so it seems like you might be able to predict adult height based on the height as a 1 year old. But the charts only show the averages. How often do children change height percentiles? How common is it for kids to grow early and end up short? Or vice versa how common is it for kids to grow late but to end up on the tall end?

Source: https://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards/cht_lhfa_boys_z_0_5.pdf?ua=1

Source: https://www.who.int/growthref/cht_hfa_boys_z_5_19years.pdf?ua=1